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Abstract: This paper presents a robust one-degree-offreedom (1-DoF) Sigmoid-based Proportional-IntegralDerivative (SPID) controller optimized using the Nonlinear Sine Cosine Algorithm (NSCA) for an ...
Conventional Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers are widely used in industrial control systems because of their simplicity and effectiveness. However, controlling nonlinear and ...